⑴ archlinux 中文怎么用
archlinux 中文怎么用官方已经完全舍弃在发行中附带基础软件源的做法,主要原因是:● 没有网络用Arch Linux不现实,Arch Linux不提供DVD。● 即使在发行CD中附带基础软件源,安装后也必须依靠网络安装其他软件,而且,刚安装的基础软件马上就需要更新。1,引导进入安装程序刻碟,经济的做法是使用dd或者syslinux、grub等引导iso。2,准备网络连接若是使用静态ipdhcpcd -xifconfig eth0 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx uproute add default gw xxx.xxx.xxxecho “nameserver 8.8.8.8” > /etc/resolv.confecho 'Server = http://mirrors.163.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist3,准备磁盘桌面系统分区目前使用ext4文件系统最佳。fdisk /dev/sda(dos兼容模式默认已关闭)mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1(若不想为root保留磁盘空间,mkfs.ext4 -m0 /dev/sda1,当然以后是可用tune2fs调整的)mkswap /dev/sda2swapon /dev/sda2mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 /mnt其他分区依次挂载至/mnt/相应目录之下,如不存在挂载点则手动建立目录,比如mkdir /mnt/homemount -t ext4 /dev/sda4 /mnt/home必要时使用fdisk设置激活分区标志以及修改分区ID4,安装软件若是有最新软件包的备份,特别是多台机器同时安装,可以复制软件包以避免不必要的软件包下载过程:mkdir -p /mnt/var/cache/pacman/pkg/tar xf /path/to/pkg.tar -C /mnt/var/cache/pacman/简单地安装软件组pacstrap /mnt base,或者自选软件安装如下必需:pacstrap /mnt linux sysvinit initscripts procps pacman sed less tar man alsa-utils iputils xorg-server xf86-video-xxx xf86-input-evdev xorg-xinit自选:pacstrap /mnt xterm emacs jwm firefox fcitx-gtk2 iso-codes feh scrot net-tools (包含ifconfig route netstat等命令)libpcap(mentohust依赖) geany wget axel修改/etc/fstab:genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab5,设置软件arch-chroot /mntpasswdln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Chongqing /etc/localtimehwclock –systohc –utc系统硬件时间的设置,默认是UTC,当然也可以使用localtime(将–utc换成–localtime即可),但使用localtime可会出现严重的错误。vim /etc/locale.gen(选择zh_CN.UTF-8)locale-genecho GNU > /etc/hostnamemkinitcpio -p linux创建初始的ramdisk环境,具体修改内容请参照ArchWiki。6,安装引导pacman -S grub-biosgrub-install /dev/sdagrub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg7,确认配置无误需要开机运行某程序,加入/etc/rc.local使之在登录前运行,比如设置ip。最后检查/etc/fstab、/boot/grub/grub.cfg、/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg等文件,无误则umount -a再reboot进入新系统。
⑵ Arch Linux的安装步骤是哪些
这是我很久以前安装时记录的过程,每一步干什么应该能看懂,用了一段时间,有些改变,比如输入法改成fcitx-rime,wifi网卡肯定和你不一样,iptables的规则有点变化,分区情况你看着改改,就差不多了。(用的是最简单的窗口管理jwm,一般都换成xfce、gnome之类)
mkfs.ext3/dev/sda1mount/dev/sda1/mntpacstrap/mntbasebase-develgrubalsa-utilsntfs-3gxorg-serverxorg-server-utilsxorg-utilsxorg-xinitxf86-video-inteljwmdmenuscrotxtermwqy-zenheipython2python2-setuptoolswpa_-sunpinyinfcitx-gtk2fcitx-configtool#安装这些:基础包、基础开发包、引导程序、声卡、ntfs读写、x桌面的基础、显卡驱动、jwm桌面管理器相关、xterm、字体、python相关、wifi网卡配置、git、火狐浏览器、输入法genfstab-U-p/mnt>>/mnt/etc/fstabarch-chroot/mntcat<<EOF>/etc/hostnamewilsEOFln-s/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Chongqing/etc/localtimecat<<EOF>>/etc/locale.genen_US.UTF-8UTF-8zh_CN.GBKGBKzh_CN.UTF-8UTF-8EOFlocale-genmkinitcpio-plinuxpasswdgrub-mkconfig-o/boot/grub/grub.cfgmodprobedm-modgrub-install–recheck/dev/sdaexitumount/mntreboot#以上是最基础的安装mkdir-p/wincat<<EOF>>/etc/fstab`blkid-oexport/dev/sda2|sed-n'/^UUID=/p'`/winntfs-3gdefaults00EOFsystemctlstartdhcpcd@ens3#激活一次有线网络之后要安装自己的无线网卡,我是bcm4312的网卡所以装b43-firmwareeasy_install-2.7pip#FROMaurINSTALLb43-firmwarewifi-menu-onetctlenablewlan0-wang#永久激活无线网卡mkdir-p~/.configcat<<'EOF'>~/.config/user-dirs.dirsXDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/"EOF#配置firefox的文件夹cat<<'EOF'>/etc/modprobe.d/mymod.confblacklistpcspkrEOF#不要终端bibi乱响cat<<'EOF'>/etc/moles-load.d/mymod.confnf_conntrack_pptpnf_conntrack_proto_greEOF#好像是iptables配置防火墙时加上的,记不清了cat<<'EOF'>~/.pystartup#!/usr/bin/python2.7try:importreadlineexceptImportError:print"Molereadlinenotavailable."else:importrlcompleterreadline.parse_and_bind("tab:complete")EOF#简单弄个python的补全功能cp/etc/skel/.xinitrc~/cat<<'EOF'>>~/.xinitrc[[-f~/.Xresources]]&&xrdb-merge~/.XresourcesexportPYTHONSTARTUP=~/.pystartupexportGTK_IM_MODULE=fcitxexportQT_IM_MODULE=ximexportXMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"exportLC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8xsetboffxsetsoffxset-dpmsfcitx-drexecjwmEOF#桌面系统启动脚本,启动了输入法fcitx,桌面系统jwmcp/etc/skel/.bash_profile~/cat<<'EOF'>>~/.bash_profile[[-z$DISPLAY&&$XDG_VTNR-eq1]]&&execstartxEOF#登录后直接startxcat<<'EOF'>~/.Xresourcesxterm*termName:xterm-256colorxterm*VT100.geometry:80x16xterm*saveLines:5120xterm*locale:truexterm*metaSendsEscape:truexterm*scrollBar:falsexterm*scrollKey:truexterm*scrollTtyOutput:falsexterm*forcePackedFont:falsexterm*faceName:monospacexterm*faceNameDoublesize:WenQuanYiZenHeiMonoxterm*faceSize:13xterm*cjkWidth:false*xterm*background:#101010*xterm*foreground:#d0d0d0*xterm*cursorColor:#d0d0d0*xterm*color0:#101010*xterm*color1:#960050*xterm*color2:#66aa11*xterm*color3:#c47f2c*xterm*color4:#30309b*xterm*color5:#7e40a5*xterm*color6:#3579a8*xterm*color7:#9999aa*xterm*color8:#303030*xterm*color9:#ff0090*xterm*color10:#80ff00*xterm*color11:#ffba68*xterm*color12:#5f5fee*xterm*color13:#bb88dd*xterm*color14:#4eb4fa*xterm*color15:#d0d0d0EOF#配置xtermcat<<'EOF'>~/.jwmrc<?xmlversion="1.0"?><JWM><Group><Option>notitle</Option></Group><Trayx="0"y="-1"autohide="off"><TaskListmaxwidth="256"/><Dock/><Clockformat="%R">showdesktop</Clock></Tray><Desktopswidth="1"height="1"><Backgroundtype="image">$HOME/.config/conky/bg.png</Background></Desktops><Keymask="4"key="C">close</Key><Keymask="4"key="Return">exec:xterm</Key><Keymask="4"key="X">exec:dmenu_run</Key><Keymask="4"key="F">exec:firefox</Key><Keymask="4"key="G">exec:gimp</Key><Keymask="4"key="E">exec:/opt/eclipse/eclipse</Key><Keymask="4"key="V">exec:vboxsdl–startvmWinXP</Key><Keymask="4"key="Tab">nextstacked</Key><Keykey="Print">exec:scrot</Key><StartupCommand>conky-d</StartupCommand><StartupCommand>rcvboxdrvsetup</StartupCommand></JWM>EOF#配置jwmcat<<'EOF'>/etc/iptables/iptables.rules#Generatedbyiptables-savev1.4.21onSatFeb2713:12:472016*filter:INPUTDROP[0:0]:FORWARDDROP[0:0]:OUTPUTACCEPT[113:15002]:TCP-[0:0]:UDP-[0:0]-AINPUT-mconntrack–ctstateRELATED,ESTABLISHED-jACCEPT-AINPUT-ilo-jACCEPT-AINPUT-mconntrack–ctstateINVALID-jDROP-AINPUT-picmp-micmp–icmp-type8-mconntrack–ctstateNEW-jACCEPT-AINPUT-pudp-mconntrack–ctstateNEW-jUDP-AINPUT-ptcp-mtcp–tcp-flagsFIN,SYN,RST,ACKSYN-mconntrack–ctstateNEW-jACCEPT-AINPUT-pudp-jREJECT–reject-withicmp-port-unreachable-AINPUT-ptcp-jREJECT–reject-withtcp-reset-AINPUT-jREJECT–reject-withicmp-proto-unreachable-ATCP-ptcp-mtcp–dport22-jACCEPT-ATCP-pgre-jACCEPTCOMMIT#CompletedonSatFeb2713:12:472016EOF#配置iptables防火墙systemctlenableiptablesln-s/etc/fonts/conf.avail/43-wqy-zenhei-sharp.conf/etc/fonts/conf.d/#中文显示用文泉驿的效果fcitx-configtoolpacman-Rsfcitx-configtool#配置下输入法,现在用fcitx-rime,很赞,比google拼音sunpinyin好多了reboot
⑶ 用U盘启动安装LINUX需那些准备工作
U盘操作系统Puppy Linux4.1正式版已于2008年10月6日发布了。初次体验Puppy4.1,你可能会觉得与4.0没什么区别,其实在底层(你看不到的基础部分)有了很大改进,大大提高Puppy的硬件兼容性,并支持热插拔。官方发布的Puppy4.1 iso有两个:一个是基于Linux内核2.6.25.16的标准版本;另一个是基于Linux内核2.6.21.7的复古版本,仅适用于老硬件。下载:Puppy4.1正式版官方英文ISO 下载:用于安装到U盘的Ghost版Puppy Linux4.1 gho镜像下载:devx_410.sfs 文件(用于C / C++编译) 查看: http://puppylinux.com/download/release-4.1.htm]Puppy4.1正式版发行说明 与puppy4.0相比,puppy4.1的主要变化有:* 2.6.25.16, 2.6.21.7 内核:标准版本基于2.6.25.16* 更多的驱动程序支持* SCSI内核* LZMA-enabled 内核* 改进的PCMCIA 支持* 改进的硬件检测* Puppy事件管理* 启动更快* Psip VOIP网络电话* PPLOG 博客* Pmusic音频播放器* Ayttm聊天程序替代了pidgin* 冰岛(Xfprot)病毒检测* 改进的网络配置向导:Network Wizard* SeaMonkey 包含了邮件与新闻组* 改进的modem支持* GPRS modem 支持* Bug修复及更多应用程序升级(如rox、abiword、gnumeric)等Puppy Linux 4.1专用的中文支持包,它的作用是在占用空间尽可能小的情况下使普通的英文版Puppy 4.1支持中文显示和输入。下载地址:eeload(推荐) 本地中文支持包的功能包括:支持locale为zh_CN.UTF-8 中文输入法fcitx-3.5-070713,支持拼音和五笔 支持中文的虚拟终端sakura 支持中文cd和ntfs/fat分区挂载 支持通过fstab自定义挂载点 修正geany不能输入中文和新文件中输入中文后不能保存的问题 修正jwm菜单和窗口标题栏不能显示中文的问题 修正didiwiki不能新建页面的问题 修正SeaMonkey光标跳转的问题 注意:因为安装过程中需要修改SeaMonkey的配置文件,所以请先关闭SeaMonkey,再启动安装程序。
⑷ 如何安装ArchLinux
下载xx.iso,dd bs=4M if=xx.iso of=/dev/sdb刻录到u盘,启动,选64位或i686系统,进去后有个文本文件可看怎么安装。 我大概是这样 mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1mount /dev/sda1 /mntpacstrap /mnt base base-devel grub alsa-utils ntfs-3g xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-utils xorg-xinit xf86-video-intel jwm dmenu scrot xterm wqy-zenhei python2 python2-setuptools wpa_supplicant git gftp firefox flashplugin fcitx-sunpinyin fcitx-gtk2 fcitx-configtoolgenfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstabarch-chroot /mntcat << EOF > /etc/hostnamewilsEOFln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Chongqing /etc/localtimecat << EOF >> /etc/locale.genen_US.UTF-8 UTF-8zh_CN.GBK GBKzh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8EOFlocale-genmkinitcpio -p linuxpasswdgrub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfgmodprobe dm-modgrub-install –recheck /dev/sdaexitumount /mntrebootmkdir -p /wincat << EOF >> /etc/fstab`blkid -o export /dev/sda2 | sed -n '/^UUID=/p'` /win ntfs-3g defaults 0 0EOFsystemctl start dhcpcd@ens3easy_install-2.7 pip#FROM aur INSTALL b43-firmwarewifi-menu -onetctl enable wlan0-wangmkdir -p ~/.configcat << 'EOF' > ~/.config/user-dirs.dirsXDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/"XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/"EOFcat << 'EOF' > /etc/modprobe.d/mymod.confblacklist pcspkrEOFcat << 'EOF' > ~/.pystartup#!/usr/bin/python2.7try: import readlineexcept ImportError: print "Mole readline not available."else: import rlcompleter readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")EOFcp /etc/skel/.xinitrc ~/cat << 'EOF' >> ~/.xinitrc[[ -f ~/.Xresources ]] && xrdb -merge ~/.Xresourcesexport PYTHONSTARTUP=~/.pystartupexport GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitxexport QT_IM_MODULE=ximexport XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx"export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8xset b offxset s offxset -dpmsfcitx -drexec jwmEOFcp /etc/skel/.bash_profile ~/cat << 'EOF' >> ~/.bash_profile[[ -z $DISPLAY && $XDG_VTNR -eq 1 ]] && exec startxEOFcat << 'EOF' > ~/.Xresourcesxterm*termName: xterm-256colorxterm*VT100.geometry: 80x16xterm*saveLines: 5120xterm*locale: truexterm*metaSendsEscape: truexterm*scrollBar: falsexterm*scrollKey: truexterm*scrollTtyOutput: falsexterm*forcePackedFont: falsexterm*faceName: monospacexterm*faceNameDoublesize: WenQuanYi Zen Hei Monoxterm*faceSize: 12xterm*cjkWidth: false*xterm*background: #101010*xterm*foreground: #d0d0d0*xterm*cursorColor: #d0d0d0*xterm*color0: #101010*xterm*color1: #960050*xterm*color2: #66aa11*xterm*color3: #c47f2c*xterm*color4: #30309b*xterm*color5: #7e40a5*xterm*color6: #3579a8*xterm*color7: #9999aa*xterm*color8: #303030*xterm*color9: #ff0090*xterm*color10: #80ff00*xterm*color11: #ffba68*xterm*color12: #5f5fee*xterm*color13: #bb88dd*xterm*color14: #4eb4fa*xterm*color15: #d0d0d0EOFcat << 'EOF' > ~/.jwmrc<?xml version="1.0"?><JWM><Group><Option>notitle</Option></Group><Tray x="0" y="-1" height="32"><TrayButton label="D">showdesktop</TrayButton><TaskList maxwidth="256"/><Dock/><Clock format="%F %a %R"/></Tray><WindowStyle><Font>FreeSans-9:bold</Font><Active><Text>#FFFFFF</Text><Title>#CC7700:#884400</Title><Outline>#000000</Outline></Active><Inactive><Text>#FFFFFF</Text><Title>#333333:#111111</Title><Outline>#000000</Outline></Inactive></WindowStyle><TrayStyle><Font>FreeSans-12:bold</Font><Background>#111111</Background><Foreground>#FFFFFF</Foreground></TrayStyle><TaskListStyle><Font>FreeSans-12:bold</Font><ActiveForeground>#FFFFFF</ActiveForeground><ActiveBackground>#111111:#333333</ActiveBackground><Foreground>#FFFFFF</Foreground><Background>#333333:#111111</Background></TaskListStyle><MenuStyle><Font>FreeSans-11</Font><Foreground>#FFFFFF</Foreground><Background>#333333</Background><ActiveForeground>#FFFFFF</ActiveForeground><ActiveBackground>#CC7700:#884400</ActiveBackground></MenuStyle><Desktops width="1" height="1"/><Key mask="4" key="C">close</Key><Key mask="4" key="Return">exec:xterm</Key><Key mask="4" key="X">exec:dmenu_run</Key><Key mask="4" key="F">exec:firefox</Key><Key mask="4" key="G">exec:gftp</Key><Key mask="4" key="E">exec:/opt/eclipse/eclipse</Key><Key mask="4" key="T">exec:wine /root/.wine/drive_c/ztzq/Tdxw.exe</Key><Key mask="4" key="Tab">nextstacked</Key><Key key="Print">exec:scrot</Key><Key key="XF86AudioMute">exec:amixer -c 0 -q set Master toggle</Key><Key key="XF86AudioRaiseVolume">exec:amixer -c 0 -q set Master 2dB+</Key><Key key="XF86AudioLowerVolume">exec:amixer -c 0 -q set Master 2dB-</Key></JWM>EOFcat << 'EOF' > /etc/iptables/iptables.rules*filter:INPUT DROP [0:0]:FORWARD DROP [0:0]:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]:bad_tcp_packets – [0:0]:icmp_packets – [0:0]:tcp_packets – [0:0]:tcp_packets_allowed – [0:0]:udp_packets – [0:0]-A INPUT -p tcp -j bad_tcp_packets-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -i wlan0 -m state –state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -i wlan0 -p tcp -j tcp_packets-A INPUT -i wlan0 -p udp -j udp_packets-A INPUT -i wlan0 -p icmp -j icmp_packets-A INPUT -d 224.0.0.0/8 -i wlan0 -j DROP-A OUTPUT -p tcp -j bad_tcp_packets-A bad_tcp_packets -p tcp -m tcp –tcp-flags SYN,ACK SYN,ACK -m state –state NEW -j REJECT –reject-with tcp-reset-A bad_tcp_packets -p tcp -m tcp ! –tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state –state NEW -j DROP-A icmp_packets -p icmp -m icmp –icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT-A icmp_packets -p icmp -m icmp –icmp-type 11 -j ACCEPT-A tcp_packets -p tcp -m tcp –dport 22 -j tcp_packets_allowed-A tcp_packets -p tcp -m tcp –dport 80 -j tcp_packets_allowed-A tcp_packets_allowed -p tcp -m tcp –tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j ACCEPT-A tcp_packets_allowed -p tcp -j DROP-A udp_packets -s 192.168.1.1/32 -p udp -m udp –sport 67 –dport 68 -j ACCEPT-A udp_packets -d 255.255.255.255/32 -p udp -m udp –dport 67:68 -j DROP-A udp_packets -p udp -m udp –dport 135:139 -j DROPCOMMITEOFsystemctl enable iptablesln -s /etc/fonts/conf.avail/43-wqy-zenhei-sharp.conf /etc/fonts/conf.d/fcitx-configtoolpacman -Rs fcitx-configtool#firefox EXT firebug instapaper wmlbrowserreboot其中分区(sdax)、显卡驱动(xf86-video-intel)、网络接口名称(ens3/wlan0)、window manager(我用jwm比较简洁,可以改成gnome之类)、iptables(很简单的防火墙规则,你要用什么服务自己再开端口)等很多地方都要根据自己的情况改一下,wqy zenhei那个是我认为最简单配置清晰字体的方案